Spring Beans 自动装配byType

1. 介绍

  这种模式与 byType 非常相似，但它应用于构造器参数。Spring 容器看作 beans，在 XML 配置文件中 beans 的 autowire 属性设置为 constructor。然后，它尝试把它的构造函数的参数与配置文件中 beans 名称中的一个进行匹配和连线。如果找到匹配项，它会注入这些 bean，否则，它会抛出异常。

例如，在配置文件中，如果一个 bean 定义设置为通过构造函数自动装配，而且它有一个带有 address 类型的参数之一的构造函数，那么 Spring 就会查找定义名为 address 的 bean，并用它来设置构造函数的参数。你仍然可以使用 标签连接其余属性。下面的例子将说明这个概念。

2.byConstruct

Address.class

package com.cmz.bean;

/**
 * @author summer
 * @create 2020-02-28 18:24
 */
public class Address {
    private String province;
    private String city;
    private String town;

    public Address() {
        System.out.println("Address 被创建");
    }

    public Address(String province, String city, String town) {
        this.province = province;
        this.city = city;
        this.town = town;
    }

    public String getProvince() {
        return province;
    }

    public void setProvince(String province) {
        this.province = province;
    }

    public String getCity() {
        return city;
    }

    public void setCity(String city) {
        this.city = city;
    }

    public String getTown() {
        return town;
    }

    public void setTown(String town) {
        this.town = town;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Address{" +
                "province='" + province + '\'' +
                ", city='" + city + '\'' +
                ", town='" + town + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Nperson.class

package com.cmz.bean;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * @author summer
 * @create 2020-02-22 20:58
 */
public class Nperson{
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private String gender;
    private Date date;
    private String[] hobbies;
    private Address address;

    private List<Address> lists;
    private Set<String> sets;
    private Map<String,Object> maps;
    private Properties properties;

    public Nperson() {
        System.out.println("Nperson 被创建");
    }

    public Nperson(int id, String name, Integer age, String gender, Date date, String[] hobbies, Address address, List<Address> lists, Set<String> sets, Map<String, Object> maps, Properties properties) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.date = date;
        this.hobbies = hobbies;
        this.address = address;
        this.lists = lists;
        this.sets = sets;
        this.maps = maps;
        this.properties = properties;
    }

    public Nperson(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Date getDate() {
        return date;
    }

    public void setDate(Date date) {
        this.date = date;
    }

    public String[] getHobbies() {
        return hobbies;
    }

    public void setHobbies(String[] hobbies) {
        this.hobbies = hobbies;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public List<Address> getLists() {
        return lists;
    }

    public void setLists(List<Address> lists) {
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    public Set<String> getSets() {
        return sets;
    }

    public void setSets(Set<String> sets) {
        this.sets = sets;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
        return maps;
    }

    public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
        this.maps = maps;
    }

    public Properties getProperties() {
        return properties;
    }

    public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
        this.properties = properties;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
                ", date=" + date +
                ", hobbies=" + Arrays.toString(hobbies) +
                ", address=" + address +
                ", lists=" + lists +
                ", sets=" + sets +
                ", maps=" + maps +
                ", properties=" + properties +
                '}';
    }
}

ioc12.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="address" class="com.cmz.bean.Address">
        <property name="province" value="江苏省"></property>
        <property name="city" value="南京市"></property>
        <property name="town" value="鼓楼区"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="person" class="com.cmz.bean.Nperson" autowire="byName"></bean>
    <bean id="person2" class="com.cmz.bean.Nperson" autowire="byType"></bean>
    <bean id="person3" class="com.cmz.bean.Nperson" autowire="constructor"></bean>
</beans>

MyTest12

import com.cmz.bean.Nperson;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * @author summer
 * @create 2020-02-22 23:45
 */
public class MyTest12 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ioc12.xml");
        Nperson person1 = context.getBean("person", Nperson.class);
        System.out.println("person1 = "+person1);

        Nperson person2 = context.getBean("person2", Nperson.class);
        System.out.println("person2 = "+person2);

        Nperson person3 = context.getBean("person3", Nperson.class);
        System.out.println("person3 = "+person3);

    }
}

注意

constructor：按照构造器进行装配，先按照有参构造器参数的类型进行装配，没有就直接装配null；
如果按照类型找到了多个，那么就使用参数名作为id继续匹配，找到就装配，找不到就装配null

输出

Address 被创建
Nperson 被创建
Nperson 被创建
person1 = Person{id=0, name='null', age=null, gender='null', date=null, hobbies=null, address=Address{province='江苏省', city='南京市', town='鼓楼区'}, lists=null, sets=null, maps=null, properties=null}
person2 = Person{id=0, name='null', age=null, gender='null', date=null, hobbies=null, address=Address{province='江苏省', city='南京市', town='鼓楼区'}, lists=[Address{province='江苏省', city='南京市', town='鼓楼区'}], sets=null, maps={address=Address{province='江苏省', city='南京市', town='鼓楼区'}, person=Person{id=0, name='null', age=null, gender='null', date=null, hobbies=null, address=Address{province='江苏省', city='南京市', town='鼓楼区'}, lists=null, sets=null, maps=null, properties=null}, person3=Person{id=0, name='null', age=null, gender='null', date=null, hobbies=null, address=Address{province='江苏省', city='南京市', town='鼓楼区'}, lists=null, sets=null, maps=null, properties=null}, environment=StandardEnvironment {activeProfiles=[], defaultProfiles=[default], propertySources=[PropertiesPropertySource {name='systemProperties'}, SystemEnvironmentPropertySource {name='systemEnvironment'}]}, systemProperties={java.runtime.name=Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment, sun.boot.library.path=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_141\jre\bin, java.vm.version=25.141-b15, java.vm.vendor=Oracle Corporation, java.vendor.url=http://java.oracle.com/, path.separator=;, java.vm.name=Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM, file.encoding.pkg=sun.io, user.country=CN, user.script=, sun.java.launcher=SUN_STANDARD, sun.os.patch.level=, java.vm.specification.name=Java Virtual Machine Specification, user.dir=D:\code\code-java\basic_java\spring_study2, java.runtime.version=1.8.0_141-b15, java.awt.graphicsenv=sun.awt.Win32GraphicsEnvironment, java.endorsed.dirs=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_141\jre\lib\endorsed, os.arch=amd64, java.io.tmpdir=C:\Users\cmz\AppData\Local\Temp\, line.separator=
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person3 = Person{id=0, name='null', age=null, gender='null', date=null, hobbies=null, address=Address{province='江苏省', city='南京市', town='鼓楼区'}, lists=null, sets=null, maps=null, properties=null}